PyLoDStorage

OsProject

OsProject
edit
id	PyLodStorage
state
owner	Wolfgang Fahl
title	python List of Dict (Table) Storage library
url	https://github.com/WolfgangFahl/pyLodStorage
version	0.0.70
description
date	2021/08/30
since
until

see also

• DgraphAndWeaviateTest
• Geograpy
• ProceedingsTitleParser

List of Dicts = Table

a list of dicts(Hashtables) in python can be interpreted as Table which is suitable to be stored

1. in a relational database like sqlite3
2. as JSON

Royals example

 @staticmethod
    def getRoyals():
        listOfDicts=[
            {'name': 'Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Windsor', 'born': Sample.dob('1926-04-21'), 'numberInLine': 0, 'wikidataurl': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9682' },
            {'name': 'Charles, Prince of Wales',         'born': Sample.dob('1948-11-14'), 'numberInLine': 1, 'wikidataurl': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43274' },
            {'name': 'George of Cambridge',              'born': Sample.dob('2013-07-22'), 'numberInLine': 3, 'wikidataurl': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1359041'},
            {'name': 'Harry Duke of Sussex',             'born': Sample.dob('1984-09-15'), 'numberInLine': 6, 'wikidataurl': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q152316'}
        ]
        today=date.today()
        for person in listOfDicts:
            born=person['born']
            age=(today - born).days / 365.2425
            person['age']=age
            person['ofAge']=age>=18
            person['lastmodified']=datetime.now()
        return listOfDicts

The above list of dict can be stored in a Person table with the following structure:

SQL

The idea is to derive the necessary DDL and SQL command automatically:

CREATE TABLE Family(name TEXT PRIMARY KEY,country TEXT,lastmodified TIMESTAMP)
INSERT INTO Family (name,country,lastmodified) values (:name,:country,:lastmodified)

and use them via simple API

from lodstorage.sample import Sample
from lodstorage.sql import SQLDB, EntityInfo

 listOfRecords=Sample.getRoyals()
 sqlDB=SQLDB()
 entityName='Person'
 primaryKey='name'
 entityInfo=self.sqlDB.createTable(listOfRecords[:10],entityName,primaryKey)
 sqlDB.store(listOfRecords,entityInfo)
 resultList=self.sqlDB.queryAll(entityInfo)

The resultList will be the same as the original listOfRecords.

JSON

Wrap the royals example into a JSONAble class and test using that class for "round-trip" JSON storage:

...
class Royals(JSONAble):
    def __init__(self,load=False):
        if load:
            self.royals=Sample.getRoyals()
        else:
            self.royals=None
...
def testRoyals(self):
        '''
        test Royals example
        '''
        royals1=Royals(load=True)
        self.assertEqual(4,len(royals1.royals))
        json=royals1.toJSON()
        print(json)
        types=Types.forClass(royals1, "royals")
        royals2=Royals()
        royals2.fromJson(json,types=types)
        self.assertEqual(4,len(royals2.royals))
        print(royals1.royals)
        print(royals2.royals)
        self.assertEqual(royals1.royals,royals2.royals)

JSON encoding

{
    "royals": [
        {
            "age": 94.42767476402663,
            "born": "1926-04-21",
            "lastmodified": "2020-09-23T09:44:48.661740",
            "name": "Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Windsor",
            "numberInLine": 0,
            "ofAge": true,
            "wikidataurl": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9682"
        },
        {
            "age": 71.85910730542037,
            "born": "1948-11-14",
            "lastmodified": "2020-09-23T09:44:48.661747",
            "name": "Charles, Prince of Wales",
            "numberInLine": 1,
            "ofAge": true,
            "wikidataurl": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43274"
        },
        {
            "age": 7.17331635830989,
            "born": "2013-07-22",
            "lastmodified": "2020-09-23T09:44:48.661748",
            "name": "George of Cambridge",
            "numberInLine": 3,
            "ofAge": false,
            "wikidataurl": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1359041"
        },
        {
            "age": 36.022642490947796,
            "born": "1984-09-15",
            "lastmodified": "2020-09-23T09:44:48.661749",
            "name": "Harry Duke of Sussex",
            "numberInLine": 6,
            "ofAge": true,
            "wikidataurl": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q152316"
        }
    ]
}

Query Documentation

Examples

Ten largest cities of the world

Wikidata SPARQL query showing the 10 most populated cities of the world using the million city class Q1637706 for selection

query

# Ten Largest cities of the world 
# WF 2021-08-23
# see also http://wiki.bitplan.com/index.php/PyLoDStorage#Examples
SELECT DISTINCT ?city ?cityLabel ?population ?country ?countryLabel 
WHERE {
  VALUES ?cityClass { wd:Q1637706}.
  ?city wdt:P31 ?cityClass .
  ?city wdt:P1082 ?population .
  ?city wdt:P17 ?country .
  SERVICE wikibase:label {
    bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "en" .
  }
}
ORDER BY DESC(?population)
LIMIT 10

try it!

result

city	cityLabel	population	country	countryLabel
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1353	Delhi	26495000	http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q668	India
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q8686	Shanghai	23390000	http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q148	People's Republic of China
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q956	Beijing	21710000	http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q148	People's Republic of China
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1354	Dhaka	16800000	http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q902	Bangladesh
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1156	Mumbai	15414288	http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q668	India
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q8660	Karachi	14910352	http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q843	Pakistan
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q8673	Lagos	14862000	http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1033	Nigeria
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q406	Istanbul	14657434	http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q43	Turkey
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1490	Tokyo	13942024	http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q17	Japan
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q11736	Tianjin	13245000	http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q148	People's Republic of China

count OpenStreetMap place type instances

This SPARQL query determines the number of instances available in the OpenStreetMap for the placeTypes city,town and village

query

# count osm place type instances
# WF 2021-08-23
SELECT (count(?instance) as ?count) ?placeType ?placeTypeLabel
WHERE { 
  VALUES ?placeType {
    "city"
    "town"
    "village"
  }
  ?instance osmt:place ?placeType
  SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "[AUTO_LANGUAGE],en". }
}
GROUP BY ?placeType ?placeTypeLabel
ORDER BY ?count

try it!

result

count	placeType	placeTypeLabel
13614	city	city
23238	town	town
153380	village	village

Apache Jena

The jena -l and jena -f options will automatically download and unpack the needed Apache jena files.

Jena load example dataset

scripts/jena -l sampledata/example.ttl

Jena fuseki server start

scripts/jena -f example

You should be able to browse the admin GUI at http://localhost:3030 and have the example dataset ready for you

Jena fuseki server stop

scripts/jena -k

jena script usage

scripts/jena -h
scripts/jena [-f|--fuseki|-h|--help|-k|--kill|-l|--load]

-f | --fuseki [dataset]: download and start fuseki server with the given dataset
-h | --help: show this usage
-k | --kill: kill the running fuseki server
-l | --load [ttl file]: download jena / tdbloader and load given ttl file

Example Unit tests

JSON unit test

'''
Created on 2020-09-12

@author: wf
'''
import unittest
import json
from lodstorage.sample import Royals,Cities
from lodstorage.jsonable import JSONAble
from lodstorage.types import Types
import time

class TestJsonAble(unittest.TestCase):
    '''
    test JSON serialization with JsonAble mixin
    '''

    def setUp(self):
        self.profile=True
        self.debug=True
        pass

    def tearDown(self):
        pass
    
    def testSingleToDoubleQuote(self):
        jsonStr='''
        {
            "cities": [
            {
                "name": "Upper Hell's Gate"
            },
            {
                 "name": "N'zeto"
            }
            ]
        }
        '''
        listOfDicts=json.loads(jsonStr)
        dictStr=str(listOfDicts)   
        if self.debug:
            print(dictStr)
        jsonStr2=JSONAble.singleQuoteToDoubleQuote(dictStr)
        if self.debug:
            print(jsonStr2)
        self.assertEqual('''{"cities": [{"name": "Upper Hell's Gate"}, {"name": "N'zeto"}]}''',jsonStr2)
        
    def testSingleQuoteToDoubleQuoteStackoverflow(self):
        """
        see 
            - https://stackoverflow.com/a/63862387/1497139 
            - https://stackoverflow.com/a/50257217/1497139
        """
        singleQuotedExamples=[
            '''{'cities': [{'name': "Upper Hell's Gate"}, {'name': "N'zeto"}]''']
        for example in singleQuotedExamples:
            print (example)
            for useRegex in [False,True]:
                doubleQuoted=JSONAble.singleQuoteToDoubleQuote(example,useRegex=useRegex)
                print(doubleQuoted)
            print
            
    def dumpListOfDicts(self,listOfDicts,limit):
        if self.debug:
            for index,record in enumerate(listOfDicts[:limit]):
                print("%2d:%s" % (index,record))
                
    def check(self,manager,manager1,listName,debugLimit):
        self.dumpListOfDicts(manager.__dict__[listName], debugLimit)
        self.dumpListOfDicts(manager1.__dict__[listName], debugLimit)
        #self.assertEqual(manager.__dict__,manager1.__dict__)    
            
    def testJsonAble(self):
        '''
        test JSONAble
        '''
        examples=[{
            'manager': Royals(),
            'listName': 'royals'
        }, {
            'manager': Cities(),
            'listName': 'cities'
        }
        ]
        debugLimit=10
        debugChars=debugLimit*100
        index=0
        for useToJson in [True,False]:
            for example in examples:
                starttime=time.time()
                manager=example['manager']
                listName=example['listName']
                if useToJson:
                    jsonStr=manager.toJSON()
                else:
                    jsonStr=manager.asJSON()
                if self.debug:
                    print(jsonStr[:debugChars])
                    #print(jsonStr,file=open('/tmp/example%d.json' %index,'w'))
                index+=1
                if self.profile:
                    print("->JSON for %d took %7.3f s" % (index, (time.time()-starttime)))
                self.assertTrue(isinstance(jsonStr,str))
                starttime=time.time()
                jsonDict=json.loads(jsonStr)
                self.assertTrue(isinstance(jsonDict,dict))
                if self.debug:
                    print(str(jsonDict)[:debugChars])
                if self.profile:
                    print("<-JSON for %d took %7.3f s" % (index, time.time()-starttime))
                cls=manager.__class__
                types=Types(cls.__name__)
                types.getTypes(listName,manager.__dict__[listName])
                manager1=cls()
                manager1.fromJson(jsonStr,types=types)
                self.check(manager,manager1,listName,debugLimit=debugLimit)
        pass


if __name__ == "__main__":
    #import sys;sys.argv = ['', 'Test.testName']
    unittest.main()

SQLDB unit test

'''
Created on 2020-08-24

@author: wf
'''
import unittest
from datetime import datetime
import time
import os
import sys
from lodstorage.sample import Sample
from lodstorage.uml import UML
from lodstorage.sql import SQLDB, EntityInfo


class TestSQLDB(unittest.TestCase):
    '''
    Test the SQLDB database wrapper
    '''

    def setUp(self):
        self.debug=True
        pass

    def tearDown(self):
        pass
    
    def checkListOfRecords(self,listOfRecords,entityName,primaryKey=None,executeMany=True,fixDates=False,debug=False,doClose=True):
        '''
        check the handling of the given list of Records
        
        Args:
          
           listOfRecords(list): a list of dicts that contain the data to be stored
           entityName(string): the name of the entity type to be used as a table name
           primaryKey(string): the name of the key / column to be used as a primary key
           executeMany(boolean): True if executeMany mode of sqlite3 should be used
           debug(boolean): True if debug information e.g. CREATE TABLE and INSERT INTO commands should be shown
           doClose(boolean): True if the connection should be closed
      
        '''     
        size=len(listOfRecords)
        print("%s size is %d fixDates is: %r" % (entityName,size,fixDates))
        self.sqlDB=SQLDB(debug=debug,errorDebug=True)
        entityInfo=self.sqlDB.createTable(listOfRecords[:10],entityName,primaryKey)
        startTime=time.time()
        self.sqlDB.store(listOfRecords,entityInfo,executeMany=executeMany)
        elapsed=time.time()-startTime
        print ("adding %d %s records took %5.3f s => %5.f records/s" % (size,entityName,elapsed,size/elapsed)) 
        resultList=self.sqlDB.queryAll(entityInfo,fixDates=fixDates)    
        print ("selecting %d %s records took %5.3f s => %5.f records/s" % (len(resultList),entityName,elapsed,len(resultList)/elapsed)) 
        if doClose:
            self.sqlDB.close()
        return resultList
    
    def testEntityInfo(self):
        '''
        test creating entityInfo from the sample record
        '''
        listOfRecords=Sample.getRoyals()
        entityInfo=EntityInfo(listOfRecords[:3],'Person','name',debug=True)
        self.assertEqual("CREATE TABLE Person(name TEXT PRIMARY KEY,born DATE,numberInLine INTEGER,wikidataurl TEXT,age FLOAT,ofAge BOOLEAN,lastmodified TIMESTAMP)",entityInfo.createTableCmd)
        self.assertEqual("INSERT INTO Person (name,born,numberInLine,wikidataurl,age,ofAge,lastmodified) values (:name,:born,:numberInLine,:wikidataurl,:age,:ofAge,:lastmodified)",entityInfo.insertCmd)
        self.sqlDB=SQLDB(debug=self.debug,errorDebug=True)
        entityInfo=self.sqlDB.createTable(listOfRecords[:10],entityInfo.name,entityInfo.primaryKey)
        tableList=self.sqlDB.getTableList()
        if self.debug:
            print (tableList)
        self.assertEqual(1,len(tableList))
        personTable=tableList[0]
        self.assertEqual("Person",personTable['name'])
        self.assertEqual(7,len(personTable['columns']))
        uml=UML()
        plantUml=uml.tableListToPlantUml(tableList,packageName="Royals",withSkin=False)
        if self.debug:
            print(plantUml)
        expected="""package Royals {
  class Person << Entity >> {
   age : FLOAT 
   born : DATE 
   lastmodified : TIMESTAMP 
   name : TEXT <<PK>>
   numberInLine : INTEGER 
   ofAge : BOOLEAN 
   wikidataurl : TEXT 
  }
}
"""
        self.assertEqual(expected,plantUml)
        
        # testGeneralization
        listOfRecords=[{'name': 'Royal family', 'country': 'UK', 'lastmodified':datetime.now()}]
        entityInfo=self.sqlDB.createTable(listOfRecords[:10],'Family','name')
        tableList=self.sqlDB.getTableList()
        self.assertEqual(2,len(tableList))
        uml=UML()
        plantUml=uml.tableListToPlantUml(tableList,generalizeTo="PersonBase",withSkin=False)
        print(plantUml)
        expected='''class PersonBase << Entity >> {
 lastmodified : TIMESTAMP 
 name : TEXT <<PK>>
}
class Person << Entity >> {
 age : FLOAT 
 born : DATE 
 numberInLine : INTEGER 
 ofAge : BOOLEAN 
 wikidataurl : TEXT 
}
class Family << Entity >> {
 country : TEXT 
}
PersonBase <|-- Person
PersonBase <|-- Family
'''
        self.assertEqual(expected,plantUml)
        
    def testUniqueConstraint(self):
        '''
        test for https://github.com/WolfgangFahl/pyLoDStorage/issues/4
        sqlite3.IntegrityError: UNIQUE constraint failed: ... show debug info
        '''
        listOfDicts=[
            {"name": "John Doe"},
            {"name": "Frank Doe"}, 
            {"name": "John Doe"}, 
            {"name":"Tim Doe"}]
        sqlDB=SQLDB(debug=self.debug,errorDebug=True)
        entityInfo=sqlDB.createTable(listOfDicts[:10],'Does','name')
        try:
            sqlDB.store(listOfDicts,entityInfo,executeMany=False)
            self.fail("There should be an exception")
        except Exception as ex:
            expected="""INSERT INTO Does (name) values (:name)
failed:UNIQUE constraint failed: Does.name
record  #3={'name': 'John Doe'}"""
            errMsg=str(ex)
            self.assertEqual(expected,errMsg)
            
    def testSqlite3(self):
        '''
        test sqlite3 with a few records from the royal family
        '''
        listOfRecords=Sample.getRoyals()
        resultList=self.checkListOfRecords(listOfRecords, 'Person', 'name',debug=True)
        if self.debug:
            print(resultList)
        self.assertEqual(listOfRecords,resultList)
        
    def testBindingError(self):
        '''
        test list of Records with incomplete record leading to
        "You did not supply a value for binding 2"
        see https://bugs.python.org/issue41638
        '''
        listOfRecords=[{'name':'Pikachu', 'type':'Electric'},{'name':'Raichu' }]
        for executeMany in [True,False]:
            try:
                self.checkListOfRecords(listOfRecords,'Pokemon','name',executeMany=executeMany)
                self.fail("There should be an exception")
            except Exception as ex:
                if self.debug:
                    print(str(ex))
                self.assertTrue('no value supplied for column' in str(ex))                                                         
        
    def testListOfCities(self):
        '''
        test sqlite3 with some 120000 city records
        '''
        listOfRecords=Sample.getCities()
        for fixDates in [True,False]:
            retrievedList=self.checkListOfRecords(listOfRecords,'City',fixDates=fixDates)
            self.assertEqual(len(listOfRecords),len(retrievedList))
            
    def testQueryParams(self):
        '''
        test Query Params
        '''
        listOfDicts=[
            {"city": "New York", "country": "US"},
            {"city": "Amsterdam", "country": "NL"},
            {"city": "Paris", "country": "FR"}]
        sqlDB=SQLDB(debug=self.debug,errorDebug=True)
        entityInfo=sqlDB.createTable(listOfDicts[:10],'cities','city')
        sqlDB.store(listOfDicts,entityInfo,executeMany=False)
        query="SELECT * from cities WHERE country in (?)"
        params=('FR',)
        frCities=sqlDB.query(query,params)
        if self.debug:
            print (frCities);
        self.assertEqual([{'city': 'Paris', 'country': 'FR'}],frCities)
        
    def testSqllite3Speed(self):
        '''
        test sqlite3 speed with some 100000 artificial sample records
        consisting of two columns with a running index
        '''
        limit=100000
        listOfRecords=Sample.getSample(limit)
        self.checkListOfRecords(listOfRecords, 'Sample', 'pKey')     

    def testBackup(self):
        '''
        test creating a backup of the SQL database
        '''
        if sys.version_info >= (3, 7):
            listOfRecords=Sample.getCities()
            self.checkListOfRecords(listOfRecords,'City',fixDates=True,doClose=False)
            backupDB="/tmp/testSqlite.db"
            self.sqlDB.backup(backupDB,profile=True,showProgress=200)
            size=os.stat(backupDB).st_size
            print ("size of backup DB is %d" % size)
            self.assertTrue(size>600000)
            self.sqlDB.close()
            # restore
            ramDB=SQLDB.restore(backupDB, SQLDB.RAM, profile=True)
            entityInfo=EntityInfo(listOfRecords[:50],'City',debug=True)
            allCities=ramDB.queryAll(entityInfo)
            self.assertEqual(len(allCities),len(listOfRecords))
            
    def testCopy(self):
        '''
        test copying databases into another database
        '''
        dbFile="/tmp/DAWT_Sample3x1000.db"
        copyDB=SQLDB(dbFile)
        for sampleNo in range(3):
            listOfRecords=Sample.getSample(1000)
            self.checkListOfRecords(listOfRecords, 'Sample_%d_1000' %sampleNo, 'pKey',doClose=False)  
            self.sqlDB.copyTo(copyDB)
        size=os.stat(dbFile).st_size
        print ("size of copy DB is %d" % size)
        self.assertTrue(size>70000)
        tableList=copyDB.getTableList()
        print(tableList)
        for sampleNo in range(3):
            self.assertEqual('Sample_%d_1000' %sampleNo,tableList[sampleNo]['name'])
        
        
if __name__ == "__main__":
    #import sys;sys.argv = ['', 'Test.testSqllit3']
    unittest.main()

SPARQL unit test

see https://github.com/WolfgangFahl/pyLoDStorage/blob/master/tests/testSPARQL.py

'''
Created on 2020-08-14

@author: wf
'''
import unittest
import getpass
from lodstorage.sparql import SPARQL
from lodstorage.sample import Sample
import time

class TestSPARQL(unittest.TestCase):
    ''' Test SPARQL access e.g. Apache Jena via Wrapper'''

    def setUp(self):
        self.debug=False
        pass


    def tearDown(self):
        pass

    def getJena(self,mode='query',debug=False,typedLiterals=False,profile=False):
        '''
        get the jena endpoint for the given mode
        
        Args:
           mode(string): query or update
           debug(boolean): True if debug information should be output
           typedLiterals(boolean): True if INSERT DATA SPARQL commands should use typed literals
           profile(boolean): True if profile/timing information should be shown
        '''
        endpoint="http://localhost:3030/example"
        jena=SPARQL(endpoint,mode=mode,debug=debug,typedLiterals=typedLiterals,profile=profile)
        return jena

    def testJenaQuery(self):
        '''
        test Apache Jena Fuseki SPARQL endpoint with example SELECT query 
        '''
        jena=self.getJena()
        queryString = "SELECT * WHERE { ?s ?p ?o. }"
        results=jena.query(queryString)
        self.assertTrue(len(results)>20)
        pass
    
    def testJenaInsert(self):
        '''
        test a Jena INSERT DATA
        '''
        jena=self.getJena(mode="update")
        insertCommands = [ """
        PREFIX cr: <http://cr.bitplan.com/>
        INSERT DATA { 
          cr:version cr:author "Wolfgang Fahl". 
        }
        """,'INVALID COMMAND']
        for index,insertCommand in enumerate(insertCommands):
            result,ex=jena.insert(insertCommand)
            if index==0:
                self.assertTrue(ex is None)
                print(result)
            else:
                msg=ex.args[0]
                self.assertTrue("QueryBadFormed" in msg)
                self.assertTrue("Error 400" in msg)
                pass
            
    def checkErrors(self,errors,expected=0):      
        '''
        check the given list of errors - print any errors if there are some
        and after that assert that the length of the list of errors is zero
        
        Args:
            errors(list): the list of errors to check
        '''
        if len(errors)>0:
            print("ERRORS:")
            for error in errors:
                print(error)
        self.assertEquals(expected,len(errors)) 
    
    def testDob(self):
        '''
        test the DOB (date of birth) function that converts from ISO-Date to
        datetime.date
        '''
        dt=Sample.dob("1926-04-21")
        self.assertEqual(1926,dt.year)
        self.assertEqual(4,dt.month)
        self.assertEqual(21,dt.day)
            
    def testListOfDictInsert(self):
        '''
        test inserting a list of Dicts and retrieving the values again
        using a person based example
        instead of
        https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FOAF_(ontology)
        
        we use an object oriented derivate of FOAF with a focus on datatypes
        '''
        listofDicts=Sample.getRoyals()
        typedLiteralModes=[True,False]
        entityType='foafo:Person'
        primaryKey='name'
        prefixes='PREFIX foafo: <http://foafo.bitplan.com/foafo/0.1/>'
        for typedLiteralMode in typedLiteralModes:
            jena=self.getJena(mode='update',typedLiterals=typedLiteralMode,debug=True)
            deleteString= """
            PREFIX rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>
            PREFIX foafo: <http://foafo.bitplan.com/foafo/0.1/>
            DELETE WHERE {  
              ?person a 'foafo:Person'.
              ?person ?p ?o. 
            }
            """
            jena.query(deleteString)
            errors=jena.insertListOfDicts(listofDicts,entityType,primaryKey,prefixes)
            self.checkErrors(errors)
            
            jena=self.getJena(mode="query",debug=True)
            queryString = """
            PREFIX foafo: <http://foafo.bitplan.com/foafo/0.1/>
            SELECT ?name ?born ?numberInLine ?wikidataurl ?age ?ofAge ?lastmodified WHERE { 
                ?person a 'foafo:Person'.
                ?person foafo:Person_name ?name.
                ?person foafo:Person_born ?born.
                ?person foafo:Person_numberInLine ?numberInLine.
                ?person foafo:Person_wikidataurl ?wikidataurl.
                ?person foafo:Person_age ?age.
                ?person foafo:Person_ofAge ?ofAge.
                ?person foafo:Person_lastmodified ?lastmodified. 
            }"""
            personResults=jena.query(queryString)
            self.assertEqual(len(listofDicts),len(personResults))
            personList=jena.asListOfDicts(personResults)   
            for index,person in enumerate(personList):
                print("%d: %s" %(index,person))
            # check the correct round-trip behavior
            self.assertEqual(listofDicts,personList)
        
    def testControlEscape(self):
        '''
        check the control-escaped version of an UTF-8 string
        '''
        controls="Α\tΩ\r\n";
        expected="Α\\tΩ\\r\\n"
        esc=SPARQL.controlEscape(controls)
        self.assertEqual(expected,esc)    
        
    def testSPARQLErrorMessage(self):
        '''
        test error handling 
        see https://stackoverflow.com/questions/63486767/how-can-i-get-the-fuseki-api-via-sparqlwrapper-to-properly-report-a-detailed-err
        '''
        listOfDicts=[{
            'title': '“Bioinformatics of Genome Regulation and Structure\Systems Biology” – BGRS\SB-2018',
            'url': 'https://thenode.biologists.com/event/11th-international-multiconference-bioinformatics-genome-regulation-structuresystems-biology-bgrssb-2018/'}]
        entityType="cr:Event"   
        primaryKey='title'
        prefixes="PREFIX cr: <http://cr.bitplan.com/Event/0.1/>"
        jena=self.getJena(mode='update',typedLiterals=False,debug=True)
        errors=jena.insertListOfDicts(listOfDicts,entityType,primaryKey,prefixes)
        self.checkErrors(errors,1)
        error=errors[0]
        self.assertTrue("probably the sparql query is bad formed" in error)
         
        
    def testEscapeStringContent(self):
        '''
        test handling of double quoted strings
        '''
        helpListOfDicts=[{'topic':'edit','description': '''Use 
the "edit" 
button to start editing - you can use 
- tab \t 
- carriage return \r 
- newline \n

as escape characters 
'''
        }]
        entityType='help:Topic'
        primaryKey='topic'
        prefixes='PREFIX help: <http://help.bitplan.com/help/0.0.1/>'    
        jena=self.getJena(mode='update',debug=True)
        errors=jena.insertListOfDicts(helpListOfDicts, entityType, primaryKey, prefixes, profile=True)
        self.checkErrors(errors)
        query="""
PREFIX help: <http://help.bitplan.com/help/0.0.1/>
        SELECT ?topic ?description
WHERE {
  ?help help:Topic_topic ?topic.
  ?help help:Topic_description ?description.
}
        """ 
        jena=self.getJena(mode='query')
        listOfDicts=jena.queryAsListOfDicts(query)
        # check round trip equality
        self.assertEqual(helpListOfDicts,listOfDicts)
        
    def testIssue7(self):
        '''
        test conversion of dates with timezone info
        '''
        value="2020-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        dt=SPARQL.strToDatetime(value)
        self.assertEqual(dt.year,2020)
   
    def testListOfDictSpeed(self):
        '''
        test the speed of adding data
        ''' 
        limit=5000
        for batchSize in [None,1000]:
            listOfDicts=Sample.getSample(limit)
            jena=self.getJena(mode='update',profile=True)
            entityType="ex:TestRecord"
            primaryKey='pkey'
            prefixes='PREFIX ex: <http://example.com/>'
            startTime=time.time()
            errors=jena.insertListOfDicts(listOfDicts, entityType, primaryKey, prefixes,batchSize=batchSize)   
            self.checkErrors(errors)
            elapsed=time.time()-startTime
            print ("adding %d records took %5.3f s => %5.f records/s" % (limit,elapsed,limit/elapsed))
        
    def testLocalWikdata(self):
        '''
        check local wikidata
        '''
        # check we have local wikidata copy:
        if getpass.getuser()=="wf":
            # use 2018 wikidata copy
            endpoint="http://jena.zeus.bitplan.com/wikidata/"
            wd=SPARQL(endpoint)
            queryString="""# get a list of whisky distilleries
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>            
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?item ?coord 
WHERE 
{
  # instance of whisky distillery
  ?item wdt:P31 wd:Q10373548.
  # get the coordinate
  ?item wdt:P625 ?coord.
}
"""
            results=wd.query(queryString)
            self.assertTrue(238<=len(results))


if __name__ == "__main__":
    #import sys;sys.argv = ['', 'Test.testName']
    unittest.main()